This is more than just a single letter, but a series of letters regarding my uncle James Chapman, who sadly died whilst held as a Prisoner of War by the Japanese.
In this collection there are letters to and from his mother, Harriet, alongside letters between her and the wife of James’ commanding officer. There are also letters from the Red Cross, the War Office and other relevant communications.
My father, his brother could never talk about his brother and anytime a question was asked, my father just welled up, as he always saw him as his older brother, a young man going to war.
Transcript:
[War Office letter - 15 November 1945]
The War Office, Curzon Street House, Curzon Street, London W.1.
15 November 1945
Sir,
I am directed to inform you with deep regret that a report has just been received in the Department from the Military Authorities in the Far East, in which is it stated that your son No 5573494 Private J. Chapman, 4th Battalion, The Royal Norfolk Regiment, died on the 1st November, 1943, while a prisoner of war in Burma.
The cause of death was not stated, but a further communication will be sent you if and when this is reported.
The Army Council extends its sincerest sympathy with you in your sad bereavement, especially after your long and anxious wait for news.
I am, Sir, your obediant Servant,
[signature]
----------------------
PDF document - 37 pages of letters, documents and photos shared in memory of Jim Chapman (1919-1943)
> Page 2
Harriet Chapman suffered two great losses in her life, her brother James Restell who died on November 12, 1918 and her son James Chapman who died on November 1, 1943. Both young men died whilst serving their country, James Restell was serving with the London Regiment and James Chapman who was with the Royal Norfolk Regiment. They both died before their time neither of them reaching the age of 24. James Restell was 23 yrs 3 months and his nephew James was 23 and 8 months.
This is James Chapman's story, based on the letters sent to him, from him and regarding him. James left school in 1933 at the end of the autumn term. He was given a glowing reference from the Head Master of his school, St Pauls, in which traits like punctuality, honesty and truthfulness were recognised. He also had a polite and cheerful disposition.
[London County Council - memorandum]
22-12-1033
James Chapman after two years' attendance at this school is leaving having reached the age of 14 and just entered Standard 7. His handiwork is good. He can follow instructions and write steadily, not waiting to be told every little thing. He has been regular and punctual in attendance, is honest and truthful, cheerful and polite. He can be thorough I recommended and shall be pleased to hear of his success or to answer any enquiries concerning him.
[signature]
Head Master
> page 3
Like many men of his age, James joined the Army. He joined the 4th Battalion of the Royal Norfolk Regiment.
In July 1940 following the evacuation of the British Expenditionary Force in Dunkirk in June 1940 the Regiment had its first intake of conscripted men. It is likely that this is when Jim joined the Regiment.
For the first three years of the war his battalion, a Territorial battalion was based at home, undertaking home defence roles. Following his training he would have been involved in things like wiring the beaches of Norfolk, laying minefields, digging anti tank ditches and manning pill boxes, measures primarily aimed to protect Great Yarmouth and its surrounding adjacent coast line.
Jim and his Battalion moved from the Yarmouth area to Cambridge in November, 1940. The Battalion had a strength of about 1000 men.
In December 1940, the Battalion received the order to mobilise, which meant that they had to step up their training. In order to do that in January 1941 they moved from Cambridge to Hawick in Scotland. The weather in January 1941 was quite harsh with a lot of the roads covered in deep snow or ice. They were based at Stobs Camp which previously had been used in WWI as a Prisoner of War camp.
This first letter was sent to his sister Dolly (Chapman / Sinclair) in the January 1941. The address states 'Officers Mess', that is because his role in the Army was that of a batman, a personal assistant to senior officers in the Regiment. He must have taken a night train to Scotland as he thanks Dolly and Florrie (probably a Restell) for seeing him off and hoping that they got home safely. Whilst the intensity of the Blitz in London had eased, London was still being attacked so he must have been worried about his sister and family getting home safely.
[Letter from Hawick, Scotland]
Wed 29th Jan
Dear Dolly,
just a short letter to let you know I arrived back safe at the camp about half past ten this morning but I can't say that I'm glad to be back. I had a very nice leave and was very glad to see you all again. It doesn't seem so cold here now but its still not warm but the snow has gone from the hills. Hope you Florrie and [unclear] arrived home safe after you saw me off thats very much for coming Sis. I hope Florrie was not to upset when I left. Say Dolly when you send my pipe and bacy will you please send me little....
> page 4
In April 1941 the battalion moved again to Blackburn. Irene Walsh was who Jim's girlfriend came from Blackburn, so it is probable that this is when they met. The training and preparation were very heavily focused on what to do in the event of an invasion. They also trained the Home Guard so very much became part of the community.
They stayed in Blackburn until July 1941 when they moved again, this time to Ross-on-Wye in Herefordshire.
In June 1941 Harriet and Rose Chapman (Hamer) were staying in Hertford, it is not confirmed whether it was a formal evacuation or not. Jim must have been given some unscheduled leave as he sent this telegram to Harrier. Harriet and Rosie were staying with the Barbrook family.
[Telegram]
MUM ON LEAVE COME HOME LOVE JIM
In September 1941, whilst his Battalion were in Herefordshire the Battalion was brought up to full establishment, men deemed unfit for deployment overseas were stood down and replaced and vehicles were prepared for shipment. They still had no idea where they were heading. Whilst in Ross-on-Wye the Battalion was inspected by King George VI.
> Page 5
On October 23 Jim writes to Harriet to tell her that he will be unable to come home for Harry and Ethel's wedding. He sounds a bit down and asks her to wish Harry and Ethel all the best for the future. Hertford is still having air raid warnings and he hopes that there have not been any air raids recently. He tells her that he can go to the cinema to lift his mood and he is glad that she and Rosie do the same. He is pleased that she and Dolly write to his girlfriend Irene Walsh.
The letter continues with him breaking the news that he is about to be deployed abroad. At the time of writing he did not know which day they were leaving, and assures her not to worry. He asks her to do him a favour and send him some fags, soap and boot polish. He signs off with 'All my love. Your loving son Jim xxxxxxx'
[Letter]
Same address
7 hours Oct 23rd
Dear Mum,
Was very glad to receive your very welcome letter today and was very happy to hear from your [unclear] card to know that both Rosie and youself are quite well and getting along okay at Hertford. I am quite well myself thanks Dear. Though rather fed up with everything as we have had a pretty hard time these last few weeks. Yes Dear I bet you are looking forward to going home for the weekend. I wish I were but I'm afriad I will not be able to manage it mum. So I will have to send Harry and Ethel all my best wishes. Sorry to hear you get warnings at Herford mum, and I do hope that you have not had any raids. Yes mum I'm [unclear] to you to the pictures now and again and I must say it makes a change I am glad that Rosie and yourself are able to go Mum, as it helps to pass the evenings away doesn't it. I have heard from home as well Dear they all seem to be getting along alright don't they. I am glad that you have written to Irene Mum, as I know she looks forward to getting your and Dollys letters. Hows the weather at home mum. I hope it is not as it is here, which is great for October. Well Dear now I have some rather bad news for you but I guess it must come sooner or later. Well Dear, we are off abroad sometime next week, but am not sure what day it is, don't worry to much will you mum, maybe it will not be for long old Jim knows how to look after himself now. Mum could you do me a favour and try to get me some fags, and a few tablets of soap and if possible some boot polish, as it an awful job to get them here and I shall need them. If you can Mum you must send them as soon as you can on Sat or else I may not get them. Oh that boot polish will you try and get some dark tan as well as black thanks Dearest. Well dear I guess I shall miss you a lot and look forward very much to seeing you again but I guess we've got to go to win this war, no its hard to go with a good heart, so I must say goodbye for now and will write again in a few days.
I close now Dear sending you and Rosie all my love. Your loving son Jim xxxxxxx
> Page 7
A few days later on October 28, 1941 he writes again. In this letter he opens with 'Dearest Mum' rather than just 'Dear Mum'. He asks how she and Rosie are getting on in Hertford and how Harry and Ethel's wedding went. He was sad that he could not get to the wedding but did manage to spend some time with Irene, probably at her home in Lancashire.
He tells Harriet that he cannot say where he is currently stationed, but that he will be moving off the next day. He once again tells her not to worry and it will not be long before he is home again. He lets her know that it might be a while before he can write again, and not to worry.
[Letter]
Tuesday Oct 28th
Dearest Mum,
I hope that you and Rosie are both well and in the very best of health, and getting along okay at Hertford. I am quite well myself thanks Dear, and getting along as well as can be expected, though a bit browned-off, Well Mum how did the wedding go, I hope everything went smoothly and the weather was find for Harry and Ethel. I wish I could have got home Mum as I should have liked to have done so but I had a nice weekend at [unclear] with Irene even though it were only for a short while as I had to leave her there on Sunday. I [unclear] well Mum and is a lot better now. I'm afraid I can't tell you were I am stationed Mum but in anycase we shall not be here tomorrow, as we are moving off Please Mum don't worry to much as I shall be alright and [unclear] it want to very [unclear] I shall be home again. Don't worry about sending that stuff I asked for Dear as I don't suppose I will get it yet [unclear], and have enough now with what Dolly sent. I hope the weather is fine for you at Hertford Mum it is not to bad here, although a little in the chilly side. I shall not be able to write a long letter Mum as we are not allowed out after night tonight and I want to get this letter posted as it will be the last chance I will get for a while. Don't worry if I don't here from me for a while Dear and I will write to you as soon as I can. Well Mum this is able all I can manage for now as I must catch the post and also have a [unclear] of work to do. Give my best to the Barbrooks Mum.
I send you and Rosie all my love
Jim xxxxxxxx
We now know that on October 28, 1941 his Battalion was heading for Liverpool.
He never came home again.
> Page 9
This next letter was from his brother Ted or Teddy as he was often called. This letter was sent just after the wedding of Harry and Ethel and the brotherly love shown in it is almost tangilble. Ted asks him to "give them a smack for me", "them" being those Jim was being sent to fight. It was not known which theatre of war Jim was entering at that point. Ted jokes about Jim coming home soon so he can give him a clip too for "pinching my collar and socks".
He tells Jim about the wedding and that he was Best Man, and that Harry got a bit drunk but soon sobered up, and that Harry and Ethel liked the present that Jim and Irene had bought him.
The letter also mentions that Maggie sent a telegram to the happy couple. Maggie was probably Maggie Brotherton who was briefly married to Harriet's eldest son Walter. Walter married Maggie in 1941 but soon separated and divorced. Walter married Jean Witchell in 1947. Incidentally, the Brotherton family lived at Maplin Street, so were the Chapmans' neighbours, The Chapman family lived firstly at number 64 before moving across the street to number 55 during the war.
The letter also mentions that Aunt Marie (Restell) came to the wedding. Aunt Rose (Restell) and Uncle Alf (probably Restell or possibly Hart) had also sent Jim their love. Ted signs off with 'So long brother'.
[Letter]
Dear Jim,
Just a line to let you know that I'm okay. Well Jim your of at last eh. Give them a smack from me Jim will you, and dont stop over there to long as I want to give you a clip for hinching my collar and socks you short-ars beggar. Harry's wedding went over fine. I was the best man and was I good. It was a case he got soused about 2 hrs after the doings and wouldn't stop laughing but he soon sobered up. Mum and Rosie went back early this morning. That was a very nice present you and Irene sent and Harry liked it a lot. Maggie send a grettings telegram as she could not get up. Aunt Marie came to the church but she could not stop unfortunately. And we had a surprise yesterday Aunt Rose turned up yesterday to see us. All at home and Uncle Alf sends thier love. So long brother. Ted xxxxxxx
> Page 11
On October 29, 1941, they sailed from Liverpool on RMS Andes, the destination of the Battalion was still unknown at the time.
Having being built in 1939, the Andes was a relatively new ship. The soldiers slept in hammocks, the food was good and there was room on the decks for PT (Physical Training) sessions.
Mid-way across the North Atlantic, in November 1941, the Andes and its British convoy was met by American ships who took over the convoy of 8 troop ships. It must have been quite a sight for Jim and his comrades to see the Royal Navy destroyers that had safely escoted them across the dangerous waters of the Atlantic Ocean turn and head back to Britain, while they under the care of the US Navy were being taken in the opposite direction to a destination as yet still unknown.
The Andes arrived in Halifax, Nova Scotia on November 8, 1941. The battalion transferred from the Andes to a US troop ship, the USS Wakefield. There were about 6000 men on board. At this stage in WW2, the USA was still a neutral country although tension was building between the US and Japan. The RMS Andes returned to Britain, bringing Canadian troops and much needed supplies.
The Wakefield left Nova Scotia on or about November 10, 1941 so this letter would have been written before the Wakefield stopped to re-fuel and take on provisions in Trinidad.
> Page 12
On November 12, 1941 Jim writes to let Harrier know he is okay and so far they have "good grub". He asks after Rosie and says that she must be leaving school soon and hope that she gets a good job. He enclosed letters for Dolly and Irene that he asked Harriet to send on for him as he was only allowed to send one letter.
[Letter]
Dear Mum
Just a short letter hoping that both Rosie and yourself are well and in the very best of health. I'm quite well myself Dear and getting along okay. We are having a good trip Mum and so far have good grub, so have nothing to grumble about so far. I hope the family are well and were able to get down and see you now and again. Well Mum our little Rosie will so be leaving school wont she. I hope she will be able to get a good job Mum. How's things in London Mum, still quiet? Mum I am putting a letter in with this for Irene and one for Dolly as we are only allowed to send one envelope at a time. Please send them for me Dear. Hope the weathers nice at home Mum and you are....
> Page 13
The Wakefield stopped en-route at Trinidad on November 17, 1941. A few weeks later he writes again to Harriet who is still living in Gashouse Lane. Jim is in C Company of the 4th Battalion of the Royal Norfolk Regiment. He tells of the experience of his journey and that entertainment, such as concerts and boxing is laid on for the troops. He says that a 'Royal Court' was held as they crossed the equator. This letter would have been written on the leg of the journey from Trinidad to Cape Town. The 'Court' was for those who were crossing the equator for the first time. These men were 'punished' by having their hair cut, ducked in a pond and then they had to slide down a chute into more water.
He closes his letter by saying that if he doesn't get the chance to write again before Christmas, he wishes his mum and Rosie a very happy Christmas.
[Letter]
Dear Mum
I hope that both you and Rosie are well and in the very best of health and are getting along alright at Hertford. Well Dear I am quite well myself and getting along so so. We are still having a faily good trip and manage to find plentry of amusement, though we have to make a lot of it ourselves. There are a few concerts during the week and sometimes theres boxing so we don't do to bad do we. I hope the family are well Mum and manage to get down to see you often as I know if must cheer you and Rosie up a lot. We had quite a time on Tuesday Mum, we crossed the Equator and they held the Royal Court on the ship. Some of our had had to be tried and punished. Oh boy did they catch it, first of all they had there hair cut, and then were chucked into a pond, and after had to slide down a chute into more water. We will all get a certificate to show that we are all "Shellbacks". I hope you and Dolly still often hear from Irene Mum and write to her as well. I hope the weather is fine at home Mum and things are quiet. Well Mum I guess Rosie will be left school by the time you receive this letter, or just about to do so. I hope she is able to find some nice work to do. We Dear I think this is about all for now so I must close, so Cheerio for now Dear. I send you and Rosie lots of love. Jim xxxxxx
PS Now in case I can't write before Christmas Mum, I wish you and Rosie a very happy Christmas xxx
> Page 14
It was as the ship approached Cape Town that the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor which brought the US formally into WW2. It is hard to imagine the atmosphere onboard when the American crew of USS Wakefield heard the news of Pearl Harbor. They arrive in Cape Town on December 9, 1941. They left Cape Town on December 13 and reached Bombay (Mumbai) on December 27, 1941. His next letter to his mum is in January 1942 and is from India. He is now in B Company.
He says he is getting along okay and coping with the heat in India. He is missing home and asks her to send Dolly, his dad and the boys his love. He asks after Mrs Barbrook and hopes her husband is getting on it the Army too. He mentions that he is not getting any letters and hope that they come through soon as he misses hearing from them all. It is the last letter from Jim to home that we have.
[Letter]
Dear Mum
Just a few lines hoping you are well and in the very best of health and that Rosie is the same. I hope you are getting on alright at Hertford. Well Dear I am getting along okay myself and settling down in India, though I must say I would much rather be home. The weather is still very hot here Mum and if anything it gets hotter as time goes by. I have not been out since the last time I wrote Mum as I didn't feel like it much this weekend and didn't have the necessary during the week. By the way Mum when you write to Dolly will you give her my love and also to Dad and the boys as I will not be able to write to her this week but will do so next. Give all my best to Mrs Barbrook and family Mum and I hope they are all well and I hope that Mr Barbrook is getting along okay in the Army. I have not had any mail yet Dear and you can guess that I look forward to receiving some very much as it seems a long while since I last heard from you all. I hope the weather is fine for you at home Mum though I can guess what it is like. Have you heard from Irene lately Dear, and writing to her I hope you have as I know Irene likes getting your letters very much. The grub here is not to bad now Mum and we seem to get enough of it which is much better than when we [unclear]. Well Mum I think this about all for now as I haven't much news to tell you, so I will close now. Sending you and Rosie all my love, Jim xxxxxx
>Page 16
Harriet writes back, this being the last letter that we have. It is undated and comes from Gashouse Lane, Hertford. Harriet mentions Rosie and Irene and tells Jim what a nice girl Irene is. She tells him that Rosie is now at work, so that puts the date of the latter being early January or February 1942. The firm is closing down and Harriet and Rosie will be going home to Maplin Street soon. Harriet is missing home. She mentions Teddy being down for the weekend.
She tells Jim that they had a visit from Auntie Florrie's Joyce and Joan. Florrie was Florence Restell, Harriet's sister. She married John Calnan and they had two daughters Joyce and Joan (pictured). Florrie is staying in London with another of Harriet's sisters, Rose Restell (Rawlings).
She makes reference to Ray's (Sinclair) brother coming to see the family whilst on leave. She states that he is a 'proper lad' and Walter Chapman (Jim's dad) thinks he is a 'nice chap'. It reads as if these references were about Ray's brother, but it might have been about Ray. Harriet also tells Jim that Dolly and Ray got engaged at Christmas.
Harriet also says "to see you all happy is all I want".
On the second pages of this final letter Harrier says she hopes he will be home soon, asks him to look after himself, that she always thinks of him and that Rosie sends her fondest love. Rosie is working at a printing works. Harriet talks fondly of the Barbrook family that she and Rosie have been staying with. Harriet tells Jim that Dad (Walter) and Teddy will be coming up the next weekend to start moving their stuff back to Mile End. She closes this, which is the last letter we have of hers and she signs off with 'Your loving Mum' and a postscrip saying that she hopes his letters arrive soon as she is longing to hear from him.
[Letter]
My Dear Jimmy
Just a line from Mum, I hope my letters are reaching you. I hope you are well & are getting Dolly & Irene's letters too. I hear from Irene & write to her she is a nice girl Jimmy. Well Son we are jogging along much the same here. Rosie is at work, but my firm will soon be closing down & we will be going back Home. Mrs Barbrook has been good to me & Rosie & I shall we sorry to leave her, but I feel I want to go Home so much. Teddy is down for the week-end, Dear Jimmy I had a surprise when Auntie Florrie's Joyce & Joan came to see me & Rosie. Auntie is at Auntie Rosie in London until she gets a place for her & the kiddies. Uncle John is now working at Hendon all at Home are O.K. Rays brother came Home on leave & went to see them all. Teddy says he is a proper lad. Dad says he is a nice chap. I expect Dolly has written & told you she & Ray were engaged Xmas, well we all wish them happiness dont we, to see you all happy is all I want, hope you will soon be Home with us all, take care of yourself, Mum thinks of you always dear. I hope you got a cable I sent Xmas dear, we all miss you. Rosie sends her fondest love. Mr Barbrook is O.K. & is now in Leeds. I am hoping I will see him before we go Home. Well Son, we have had some very cold weather here, plentry of snow & frost & me & old Rose get up early for work & do we shiver. Rosie works quite near in a printing works, so she is able to get Home to her dinner with Mrs Barbrook, Slyvia & Bobby are getting on lovely we will miss them. Dad is coming next week-end, him & Teddy are helping to get our things Home. Well Dear Mum love & kisses & Rosies. From Your Loving Mum xxxxxxxx
P.S. Hope your letters will soon reach us we are all longing to hear from you X
> Page 19
The battalion left India on January 19, 1942 and landed at Keppel Harbour in Singapore on January 29, 1942. At the time of docking, Singapore was already under heavy bombardment by the Japanese.
On February 15, 1942, unbeknown to Harriet and his family, Jim along with the other Allied troops were taken a Prisoners of War, later to become referred to as Fepows (Far East Prisoners of War) when Singapore fell into Japenese hands. At the fall of Singapore the British troops were ill equipped, poorly prepared and inexperienced. Jim Chapman and his battalion (between 500-1000 soldiers) had left British shores in early November 1941, just three months before. The 6000 British soldiers who had arrived on the Wakefield in Singapore via Nova Scotia, Trinidad and India were now Prisoners of War. This particular group of brave men had been engaged in an active theatre of war for just 17 days.
The next correspondence is to alert Harriet and Walter that Jim is missing, both letters came from the Infantry Records Office in Warwick. The only information they provide is that his unit was in Singpore when it fell into Japanese hands on February 15, 1942. There were close on 85,000 British, Indian and Commonwealth soldiers captured in Singapore.
[Document - Missing in action letter - 3 April 1942 - from Record Office Warwick]
Sir,
I regret to have to inform you that a report has been received from the War Office to the effect that
(No) 5573494
(Rank) PTE
(Name) CHAPMAN James
(Regiment) The Royal Norfolk Regiment
was posted as "missing" on the 15 Feb 1942
at Singapore
The report that he is missing does not necessarily mean that he has been killed, as he may be a prisoner of war or temporarily separated from his regiment.
Official reports that men are prisoners of war take some time to reach this country, and if he has been captured by the enemy it is probable that unofficial news will reach you first. In that case I am to ask you to forward any postcard or letter received at once to this Office and it will be returned to you as soon as possible.
Should any further official information be received it will be at once communicated to you.
I am,
Sir,
Your obedient Servant,
[signature]
Officer in Charge of Records
> Page 20
[Document - Missing in action letter - 3 April 1942 - from Infantry Record Office, Warwick]
Dear Sir,
According to the records of this office No 5573494 PTE CHAPMAN J The Royal Norfolk Regiment was serving in Malaya when the garrison of Singapore capitilated on the 15th February, 1942. Every endeavour is being made through diplomatic and other channels to obtain information concerning him. It is hoped that he is safe and although he may be a prisoner of war, it is necessary to post him as "Missing" pending receipt of some definite information. Immediately any information is obtained it will be sent to you.
Yours faithfully,
[signature]
i/c Infantry Record Office
A few weeks later they hear from the Red Cross, but there is no news only that they will do all they can to try and find his whereabouts.
[Document - Missing in action letter - 1 May 1942 - from War Organisation, London]
Dear Mrs Chapman,
We are very sorry to hear that your Son, Pte J. F. Chapman 5573494 Royal Norfolk Regiment has been reported missing. We will do everything in our power to trace him, but you will understand that it may be some time before any definite information is forthcoming.
Will you kindly give us the following particulars which are of great assistance to the International Red Cross Committee in making their enquiries.
Christian name in full:
Registered home address:
If we are able to obtain any news, we will let you know at once, as we fully realise how anxious you must be.
Yours sincerely
[signature] Chairman
> Page 21
Soon after, on May 25, 1942 they receive this letter from the Army Records Office stating that they understand that Jim may be in India. They letter is sent to 64 Maplin Street, so it looks like they have yet to move into 55. Given the uncertainty of whether he was dead, wounded or held as a Prisoner of War, this letter must have raised some hope for Harriet and the family. Who knows what was going through their minds other than clinging onto the hope that Jim was alive and well?
[Document - 20 May 1942 - from Infantry Record Office, Warwick]
Dear Madam.
In response to your letter received 16.5.42, and attached correspondence. On perusal it appears your Son is in INDIA, and this office hopes that this proves to be so, although records cannot be amended to read as such until the information is received direct from Pts. CHAPMAN.
You may rest assured that if further information is received in the near future it will be conveyed to you immediately.
Please find enclosed the correspondence you so kindly forwarded.
Yours sincerely
[signature]
Harriet writes to Mrs B Page, the wife of Lieutenant Page who was the Officer that Jim was batman to. The next letter is the reply from Mrs Page. She is sorry that Harriet has yet to hear whether Jim is safe or not, and tells her that a lot of the other families of soldiers in the battalion have yet to hear.
Mrs Page asks Harriety whether Jim ever mentioned another batman in the Battalion by the name of Robbins and that Robbins was an accomplished accordian player. Sadly, the soldier mentioned, a Frank Reginald Robins, was killed in action on February 2, 1942, more than a year before this letter from Mrs Page was written. Frank Robins was jsut 21.
It did sound like the names of Officers held as Prisoners of War were being released, but none of the lower ranks, so there were close on 85,000 other families sharing the anxiety that Mrs Page and Harriet were feeling.
Mrs Page talks fondly of Jim. She mentions sending Harriet a photograph of Jim. Jim took a photograph of Mr and Mrs Page on their wedding anniversary and they took a photograph of him. This may well be the photograph of Jim in his uniform.
There was a camaraderie between the families, as Mrs Page mentions Irene and also tells Harriet that she will send the negative of the photograph so Harriet could get further copies made. She also knew of Harriet's youngest son (Edward / Teddy) joining the Army. She mentions that she stayed in Wanstead over the Christmas of 1942 and when travelling into London one day was tempted to get off the bus and visit Harriet in Maplin Street.
It is only when she reaches the final page of her letter that she mentions that her husband is held in a Prisoner of War camp in Malaya, although she has yet to hear from him directly. She says that her Father-in-law went to a Prisoner of War meeting and that from November 1942 soldiers in the Malaya camps had been allowed to write letters, so was hopefuly she would hear something soon.
[Letter from Mrs Page - 21.2.43]
Dear Mrs Chapman,
In afraid that up to now you have not had official news of your son's safety - I do so wish you could hear. Don't think it is bad news, that you hav'nt heard through, as the mens names in our battalion hav'nt been coming through. One of the officer's wives that I know well has a brother who was a Sargeant & she has'nt heard yet - she is living in Norfolk & several of the men's homes one near her, & none seem to have had news yet. Do you remember your son speaking of Robbins? He was another of the batman, the one who played the accordian so well - his father lives at New Buckenham where I often stay when in Norfolk, & he has had no news. In fact I know of none, other than Officers who have yet heard. It seems a terrible time for you to wait, & I do so hope you won't have to wait much longer.
I'm afraid I've been rather a long while sending the photograph - but I was having an enlargement done for myself & I thought I would see if the one of your son would enlarge up as well. I think it has come out very well & is a very good one of him. I can remember the day so well, it was our wedding anniversary & your son took a photograph of us just & then we took one of him. I will also send the negative of the photograph along, as Irene might also like one. I had it done at Kodaks in London, but it has taken about four weeks.
I do hope you are all keeping well, & that your youngest son has settled down to his army life - you must miss him terribly, I know. I stayed at Wanstead in the Xmas holidays & going up to London on the 96 bus I saw I passed through Mile End & I felt tempted once or twice to get off the bus & see if I could see you - but I did'nt know if Maplin Street was far from the bus route or not - otherwise I should have called & seen you. I have had no further news of my husband except a notice from the War Office to say that he is interred in the Malaya Camps - I should love a letter, to know that he is well. My father-in-law went to a prisoner-of-war meeting and they said that the men in the Malaya Camps were allowed to write letters last November - if that is so there is a chance that mail might be coming through in the fairly near future - that would be wonderful. The Red X haven't yet been allowed in Malaya though.
With best wishes to all your family and I do so hope you will have news soon. Yours sincerely, B Page.
> Page 26
Almost 6 months after the letter from Mrs Page, the devastating news came through in July 1942 that Jim was a Prisoner of War.
[Document - Prisoner of War letter - 27 July 1943 - from Infantry Record Office, Warwick Station]
Sir,
I regret to have to inform you that a report has been received to the effect that
(No) 5573494
(Rank) PTE
(Name) CHAPMAN J
(Regiment) Royal Norfolk Regiment
is a Prisoner of War in Japanese Rands at a camp not stated.
Should any other information be received concerning him, such information will be at once communicated to you.
Instructions as to the method of communicating with Prisoners of War can be obtained at any Post Office, by applying for leaflet P2327B
I am, Sir, Your obedient Servant,
[signature]
Officer in Charge of Records
> Page 27
A further letter is received from Mrs Page. There had been contact between Harriet and Mrs Page as Harriet had informed her that she had heard from Jim. It sounds like the message Jim had sent home was positive and comforting and that Harriet must have been relieved at receiving it.
Mrs Page tells Harriet that she had yet to hear from her husband. She is hopeful that the war will be over soon and 'we will all be happy again'. She also says that if the prisoners are being well treated they are at least out of the fighting.
She closes her letter by sending her best wishes to Harriet's family and that they would all be rejoicing at the good news.
[Letter from Mrs Page - not dated]
Dear Mrs Chapman,
I was so very very glad to hear from you, that you have at last heard from your son. I know just how relieved you must be feeling - & what a conforting message it was too. I don't think he could have found a nicer way of wording it. I had heard the postcards were coming through & several of the Officer's wives I know have had them during this last week - so my eyes are on the postman & each day I wonder if I shall have something. Perhaps I shall be lucky next week. But I am especially pleased that yours has come through, as you had not had the official notice from the War Office. The news is more hopeful now, perhaps the end isn't so far off, after all - & then we shall all be happy again. There is one consolation - if they are being well treated they are at least out of the fighting & there will be plenty of that before the end, I'm afraid. Give my best wishes to your family please they will all be rejoicing with you and your good news, I know. Yours sincerely, B Page
> Page 29
Incidentally, Mrs Page's husband, Lieutenant Alfred Stanley Page was also taken prisoner by the Japanese in Singapore on February 15, 1942. Unlike Jim, he made it home and died in 1984 at the age of 70. Mrs Page, Barbara also survived the war and died in 1973.
Harriet did not know for sure that Jim was a Prisoner of War until July 1943 so it is not clear when the following POW cards were sent. It is likely that these postcards would have been sent when he was already working on the Burma Railway.
[2 Postcards sent to Jim in Japan by Harriet. Stamps on one side saying Undelivered for reasons stated - Return to sender. 1945?]
Dear Jimmy, alls well home. Had letter from Mrs Page and Irene. Hope you are well. Keep cheerful. Loving thoughts. God Bless you. Mums love
Dear Jimmy, hope you are well. Loving thoughts from all. Irene just gone home and friend Myra. Keep cheerful. God Bless you. Loving Mum Dad
> Page 30
In October 1943 a letter is received from Johnnie Brotherton. John was the brother of Maggie (first wife of Wally Chapman). The Brotherton family were next door neighbours of the Chapman family in Maplin Street. John was the same age as Jim Chapman. Johnnie was in the RAF and he sent the letter from India where he was based. Both were young men, both the same age and both were engaged in the same theatre of war.
He asks after Rosie and Teddy and was sorry that he could not be home for the wedding of Dolly and Ray
[Air graph letter from Johnnie in India]
To Mrs & Mr Chapman,
Just a few lines in answer to your most welcome letter and I was very glad to hear that you and all at home are keeping well as it leaves me the same. I am glad to hear that Ray & Dolly are happy. I was sorry that I was not at the wedding but I hope to make up to that when I come home. I bet there are a few changes since I left. I bet Rosie is getting a big girl now also Teddy. I hope he likes the army life perhaps soon we shall all be together soon. I received your letter card on the [unclear] and it was written on the [unclear] so you see it did not take long. Well space is limited so I will close now with all my love and the best of luck to everyone keep smiling yours truly Johnnie xxxxx xxxxx
> Page 31
June 1945 and victory in Europe is declared. Maplin Street like thousands of streets across the UK celebrate VE Day. In this photo, Harriet is on the left in the floral apron.
Harriet Chapman, this time in the second row, first on the right. Next but one to the left of Harriet is a smiling Dolly (Chapman / Sinclair) standing behind her eldest son, an 18 month old Raymond Sinclair.
> Page 32
On November 15, 1945, more than two years after the letter from the Infantry Record Office, word from the War Office comes through that Jim had died.
[War Office letter - 15 November 1945 - also transcribed above]
Sir,
I am directed to inform you with deep regret that a report has just been received in the Department from the Military Authorities in the Far East, in which is it stated that your son No 5573494 Private J. Chapman, 4th Battalion, The Royal Norfolk Regiment, died on the 1st November, 1943, while a prisoner of war in Burma.
The cause of death was not stated, but a further communication will be sent you if and when this is reported.
The Army Council extends its sincerest sympathy with you in your sad bereavement, especially after your long and anxious wait for news.
I am, Sir, your obediant Servant,
[signature]
> Page 33
A letter from Captain T.C. Eaton dated November 17, 1945 is received outlining a little more about James' service. Captain Eaton was also a Prisoner of War. He was interred in Changi and like Lieutenant Page, survived the war.
His letter is dated two days after the official notification from the War Office, but it written as if it were the Commanding Officer writing to notify the family of the loss of their son. He advises Harriet that Jim died of Beri-Beri on November 1, 1943. Captain Eaton stated that Jim died in F Force Hospital Tambaya. This was not a hospital, it was a 'hospital camp', a place where there were marginally better conditions than the camps en-route to it. However, it was still hell on earth. At the time Jim was in Tambaya, there were approximately 1700 men all of whom were very sick.
Prisoners of War who were deemed fit enough to work were transferred out of Changi prison in Singapore and put into Working Parties. After his capture Jim was in one of these working parties. This was from mid 1942 until December 1942. These working parties were used as slave labour and sent to work for the Japanese across occupied south east Asia.
Captain Eaton stated that Jim was wounded in his right leg when fighting in Singapore, and perhaps as a consquence of working in the first working party he became not fit enough to continue working.
Changi and the other prisons on Singapore were overcrowded and the Japanese made the decision to move out those unfit for work. The Allied Officers in Changi were told by the Japanese that the Prisoners of War who were unfit for work were to be transferred to another camp where there were better facilities, food etc. These soldiers of which there were about 7000 became known as F-Force. There were approximately 3400 British servicemen. In reality these men despite being unfit were forced to work on the Burma railway.
It is possible that the injury which Jim sustained in the battle for Singapore may have been the reason that he was included with the other injured, ill of wounded servicement in F-Force. Alternatively, it may have been that his commanding officer, Lieutenant Page was sent in the capacity of senior officer to lead the men, with Jim as his batman going with him.
In April 1943 Jim was moved out of Changi and taken by train north to Thailand. Captain Eaton remained in Changi. Captain Eaton had nothing further to add about Jim's time in Thailand and referred Harriet to Lieutenant Page.
Captain Eaton said that James' death was a sad blow to all of them, saying that he was a cheerful and good tempered soldier. He also said that he was sorry that Harriet had waited for so long for news, only to finally hear about the tragic death of her son.
[Letter - Sat Nov 17th 1946, Eaton Hall, Norwich]
Dear Mrs Chapman,
Your letter to the Barracks asking for news of your son Pte J.F.Chapman has been handed to me so I will tell you what I know.
I am sorry to have to tell you that your son died on November 1st 1943 of Beri-Beri at F Force Hospital, Tambaya, Burma and his grave is No 546.
I knew your son quite well as he was Batman to one of my Officers for some time, until both the Officer and he transferred to B Company.
During the fighting on the island your son was wounded in the right leg, but he made a good recovery and in about the middle of 1942 he went down to Singapore on a [unclear]...
...and good tempered. He was an exceptionally good natured fellow and he will be missed by all his comrades.
I am so sorry that you should have had to endure all these long and anxious years in vain and I should like to offer you my deepest sympathy on your sad loss.
Do not bother to reply to this letter, but let me know if there is anything further I can do
Yours sincerely
TC Eaton Capt
> Page 35
A month after the first official notification, a further letter from the War Office arrives confirming what Captain Eaton had already informed them, that the cause of death was Beri-Beri. Due to the lack of sanitation and hygiene, diarrhoea was also rife among the men. The soldiers had a diet of rice and dirty water. The combination of these factors meant that Beri-Beri which is a deficiency of Vitamin B1, was rife. Symptoms include a fast heart rare, shortness of breath, leg swelling, numbness in the hands and toes, confusion, trouble moving the legs and pain.
[Letter from the War Office - December 1945]
Sir, with reference to the War Office letter of 15 November, 1945, I am directed to inform you with deep regret that it has now been reported that your son, No 5573494 Private J Chapman, Th Royal Norfolk Regiment, died of beri-beri.
I am Sir, your obedient servant
[signature]
Some time after, a letter of condolence from the King was received.
[Letter from Buckingham Palace]
The Queen and I offer you our heartfelt sympathy in your great sorrow.
We pray that your country's gratitude for a life so nobly given in its service may bring you some measure of consolation.
George RI
> Page 36
[Document from Commonweath War Graves Commission]
In memory of Private James Chapman
5573494. 4th Bn, Royal Norfolk Regiment who died on 01 November 1943, aged 23
Son of Walter William and Harriet Chapman of Mile End, London
Remembered with Honour
Thanbyuzayat War Cemetery
> Page 37
The Burma Railway was known as the Death Railway. It was 258 miles long. It is believed that Jim worked on the entire length. The appalling conditions endured by the POWs are well documented, but needless to say, their only clothing was a loin cloth and they would have been barefoot, starved and with little or no medical supplies. Jim is buried in Thanbyuzayat which was at the northern end of the railway.
The railway was completed on 17 October 1943. Soon after, any surviving POWs fit enough to travel were gradually moved back to Concentration Camps.
Jim Chapman died on November 1, 1943.
May he forever Rest In Peace.
[Medals award]
The Under-Secretary of State for War presents his compliments and by Command of the Army Council has the honour to transmit the enclosed Awards granted for service in the war of 1939-1945.
The Council share your sorrow that
Pte J. F. CHAPMAN
in respect of whose service these Awards are granted did not live to receive them.